The Dutch Republic was officially Calvinist, yet large portions of the population did not belong to the Reformed confession. Catholics, too, influenced society, art, and culture in important ways. This books essays, originally presented at an international conference at Frankfurts Städel Museum, draw from a range of methodologies to examine the significance of images and objects to Catholics from the sixteenth to the eighteenth century. The various media and contexts under discussion bring to light the expansive communicative space of the Catholic image. Nuanced consideration of both confessionally specific and interdenominational factors yields a deeper understanding of the complexity and multifaceted character of the art of the northern Netherlands.